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2. Structure Text

Pertemuan I

Examples
Incorrect: The prettiest girl in our class with long brown hair and brown eyes.
Correct :The prettiest girl in our class has long brown hair and brown eyes.

Incorrect: In my opinion, too soon to make a decision.
Correct : In my opinion, it is too soon to make a decision.

Examples
Incorrect: The prettiest girl in our class with long brown hair and brown eyes.
Correct :The prettiest girl in our class has long brown hair and brown eyes.

Incorrect: In my opinion, too soon to make a decision.
Correct : In my opinion, it is too soon to make a decision.

Examples

Incorrect: She is considering not to go.
Correct : She is considering not going.

Incorrect: We enjoyed talk with your friend.
Correct : We enjoyed talking with your friend

Examples

Incorrect: She is likely knowing.
Correct : She is likely to know.

Incorrect: Let’s go to the movie when you get through to study.
Correct : Let’s go to the movie when you get through studying

Examples

Incorrect: They done it very well after they had practiced.
Correct : They did it very well after they had practiced.

Incorrect: Before she run the computer program, she had checked it out with her supervisor.
Correct : Before she ran the computer program, she had checked it out with her supervisor.

Examples

Incorrect: After you show me the way, I can to go by myself.
Correct : After you show me the way, I can go by myself.

Incorrect: Our friends might stopping to see us on their way to California.
Correct : Our friends might stop to see us on their way to California.

Examples

Incorrect: The streets are wet; it should have rained last night.
Correct : The streets are wet; it must have rained last night.

Incorrect: This pen won’t write; it can have run out of ink (in the past).
Correct : This pen won’t write; it must have run out of ink (in the past)

Examples:
Incorrect: The line is busy; someone should be using the telephone now.
Correct : The line is busy; someone must be using the telephone now.

Incorrect: Bob is absent; he must have been sick again (now).
Correct : Bob is absent; he must be sick again (now).

Examples:
Incorrect: The line is busy; someone should be using the telephone now.
Correct : The line is busy; someone must be using the telephone now.

Incorrect: Bob is absent; he must have been sick again (now).
Correct : Bob is absent; he must be sick again (now).

Pertemuan II

Examples
Incorrect: The light is always out in her room at ten o’clock; she must have go to bed early every night.
Correct : The light is always out in her room at ten o’clock; she must go to bed early every night.

Incorrect: Our neighbors must having a lot of money because they are always taking expensive trips.
Correct : Our neighbors must have a lot of money because they are always taking expensive trips.

Incorrect: He can like his job because he seems very happy.
Correct : He must like his job because he seems very happy.

Incorrect: Her English is very good; she must spoken it often.
Correct : Her English is very good; she must speak it often.

Incorrect: Carol always gets good grades; she should study a lot.
Correct : Carol always gets good grades; she must study a not lot.

Examples

Incorrect: If she knew to drive, he would lend her his car.
Correct : If she knew how to drive, he would lend her his car.

Incorrect: I don’t know to use the card catalog in the library.
Correct : I don’t know how to use the card catalog in the library.

Incorrect: Until he came to the United States to study, he didn’t know to cook.
Correct : Until he came to the United States to study, he didn’t know how to cook.

Incorrect: Do you know to type?
Correct : Do you know how to type?

Incorrect: You’ll have to help her because she doesn’t know to do it.
Correct : You’ll have to help her because she doesn’t know how to do it.

Examples

Incorrect: I used to was studying at the University of Southern
California before I transferred here.
Correct : I used to study at the University of Southern California before I transferred here. or
I used to studying at the University of Southern California before I transferred here.

Incorrect: We use to go to the movies quite frequently.
Correct : We used to go to the movies quite frequently.
or
We were used to going to the movies quite frequently.

Incorrect: She was used to get up early.
Correct : She used to get up early. or
She was used to getting up early.

Incorrect: He was used to drink too much.
Correct : He used to drink too much. Or
He was used to drinking too much.

Incorrect: She used to speaking in public.
Correct : She used to speak in public. or
She was used to speaking in public.

Examples
Incorrect: You had better to hurry if you don’t want to miss the bus.
Correct : You had better hurry if you don’t want to miss the bus.

Incorrect: We had better made reservations so that we will be sure of getting a good table.
Correct : We had better make reservations so that we will be sure of getting a good table.

Incorrect: We had better to check the schedule.
Correct : We had better check the schedule.

Incorrect: You had better don’t quit your job until you find
another one.
Correct : You had better not quit your job until you find another one.

Incorrect: You had better don’t go alone.
Correct : You had better not go alone.

Examples

Incorrect: She told me that she’d rather not to serve on the committee
Correct : She told me that she’d rather not serve on the committee.

Incorrect: If you don’t mind, I’d rather not going.
Correct : If you don’t mind, I’d rather not go.

Incorrect: He said that he’d rather went to a small college instead of to a large
university.
Correct : He said that he’d rather go to a small college instead of to a large university.

Incorrect: I’d rather writing this than print it because I don’t print well.
Correct : I’d rather write this than print it because I don’t print well.

Incorrect: Greg would rather has a Pepsi than a beer.
Correct : Greg would rather have a Pepsi than a beer.

 

Examples

Incorrect: I’d rather that you don’t do that.
Correct : I’d rather that you didn’t do that.

Incorrect: Diane would rather that her husband doesn’t working so hard.
Correct : Diane would rather that her husband didn’t work so hard.

Incorrect: The dean would rather that students make appointments instead of dropping by.
Correct : The dean would rather that students made appointments instead of dropping by.

Incorrect: My roommate would rather that I don’t keep the light on after ten
o’clock.
Correct : My roommate would rather that I didn’t keep the light on after ten o’clock.

Incorrect: We’d rather that you should come tomorrow.
Correct : We’d rather that you came tomorrow.

Examples

Incorrect: Would you please don’t smoke
Correct : Please don’t smoke. or
Would you please not smoke.

Incorrect: Please don’t to park here.
Correct : Please don’t park here. or
Would you please not park here.

 

Incorrect: Would you please not to be late
Correct : Please don’t be late. or
Would you please not be late

Incorrect: Please don’t to go yet
Correct : Please don’t go yet. or
Would you please not to go yet.

Incorrect: Would you please don’t worry
Correct : Please don’t worry. or
Would you please not worry.

Pertemuan III

Examples
Incorrect : She made the baby to take a nap.
Correct : She made the baby take a nap.
Incorrect : Professor Roger didn’t make us typed up our lab reports.
Correct : Professor Roger didn’t make us type up our lab reports.
Incorrect: Are you going to make your daughter to work part time in the store this summer?
Correct : Are you going to make your daughter work part time in the store this summer
Incorrect: I can’t seem to make this dishwasher ` running.
Correct : I can’t seem to make this dishwasher run .
Incorrect: Pasty makes everyone doing his share around the house
Correct : Pasty makes everyone do his share around the house.

Examples
Incorrect: Do you think that we can get Karen takes us to San Diego?
Correct : Do you think that we can get Karen to take us to San Diego?
Incorrect: I want to get the house paint before winter.
Correct : I want to get the house painted before winter.
Incorrect: Let’s get some of our money exchange for dollars.
Correct : Let’s get some of our money exchanged for dollars.
Incorrect: Nora got her mother’s wedding dress to alter so that it fit perfectly.
Correct : Nora got her mother’s wedding dress altered so that it fit perfectly.
Incorrect: We will have to get someone fixing the phone right away.
Correct : We will have to get someone to fix the phone right away.

Examples
Incorrect: Tom had a tooth fill.
Correct : Tom had a tooth filled.
Incorrect: Have you had your temperature taking yet?
Correct : Have you had your temperature taken yet?
Incorrect: They had their lawyer to change their wills.
Correct : They had their lawyer change their wills.
Incorrect: I like the way you had the beautician done your hair.
Correct : I like the way you had the beautician do your hair.
Incorrect: We are going to have our car fix before we go to Toronto.
Correct : We are going to have our car fixed before we go to Toronto.

Examples
Incorrect: Professor Baker let us to write a paper instead of taking a final exam.
Correct : Professor Baker let us write a paper instead of taking a final exam.
Incorrect: When I was learning to drive, my Dad let me using his car.
Correct : When I was learning to drive, my Dad let me use his car.
Incorrect: Would you let us the borrow your notes?
Correct : Would you let us borrow your notes?
Incorrect: Larry is so good-hearted, he lets people took advance of him.
Correct : Larry is so good-hearted, he lets people take advance of him.
Incorrect: Don’t let that brothers you.
Correct : Don’t let that brother you.

Examples
Incorrect: Her husband always helps her that she does the laundry.
Correct : Her husband always helps her do the laundry. or
Her husband always helps her to do the laundry.
Incorrect: Don’t you help each other the study for tests?
Correct : Don’t you help each other study for tests? or
Don’t you help each other to study for tests?
Incorrect: My teacher helped me getting this job.
Correct : My teacher helped me get this job. or
My teacher helped me to get this job.
Incorrect: Bob said that he would help our finding the place.
Correct : Bob said that he would help us find the place. or
Bob said that he would help us to find the place.
Incorrect: This book should help you understanding the lecture.
Correct : This book should help you understand the lecture.
or
This book should help you understand the lecture.
This book should help you to understand the lecture.

Pertemuan IV

Examples
Incorrect: If water freezes, it has become a solid.
Correct : If water freezes, it becomes a solid. or
If water freezes, it will become a solid.

Incorrect: If children be healthy, they learn to walk at about eighteen months old.

Correct : If children are healthy, they learn to walk at about eighteen months old. or
If children are healthy, they will learn to walk at about eighteen months old.

Incorrect: If orange blossoms are exposed to very cold temperatures, they withered and died.

Correct : If orange blossoms are exposed to very cold temperatures, they wither and die. or
If orange blossoms are exposed to very cold temperatures, they will wither and die.

Incorrect: If the trajectory of a satellite will be slightly off at lunch, it will get worse as the flight progresses.
Correct : If the trajectory of a satellite is slightly off at
lunch, it gets worse as the flight progresses. or
If the trajectory of a satellite is slightly off at lunch,it will get worse as the flight progresses.

Incorrect: If light strikes a rough surface, it diffused.
Correct : If light strikes a rough surface, it diffuse .
or
If light strikes a rough surface,it will diffuse .

Examples
Incorrect: If you put too much water in rice when you cook it, it got sticky.
Correct : If you put too much water in rice when you cook it, it will get sticky. or
It will get sticky if you put too much water in
rice when you cook it.

Incorrect: If they have a good sale, I would have stopped by on my way home.
Correct : If they have a good sale, I , I will stop by on my way home. or
I , I will stop by on my way home If they have a good sale.

Incorrect: We will wait if you wanted to go
Correct : We will wait if you want to go or
If you want to go, we will wait.

Incorrect: If you listen to the questions carefully, you answer them easily.
Correct : If you listen to the questions carefully,
you will answer them easily. or
You will answer them easily if you listen to the questions carefully.

Incorrect: If we finished our work a little early today, we’ll attend the lecture at the art museum.

Correct : If we finish our work a little early today,
we’ll attend the lecture at the art museum. or
We’ll attend the lecture at the art museum
if we finish our work a little early today.

Examples

Incorrect: If Jim’s family meet Karen, I am sure they would like her.
Correct : If Jim’s family met Karen, I am sure
they would like her.
or
I am sure that they would like her
if Jim’s family met Karen.

Incorrect: If you made your bed in the morning, your room
looks better when you got back in the afternoon.
Correct : If you made your bed in the morning,
your room would look better when you got back in the afternoon.
or
Your room would look better when you got back in the afternoon if you made your bed in the morning.

Incorrect: If Judi didn’t drink so much coffee, she wouldn’t have been so nervous.
Correct : If Judi didn’t drink so much coffee,
shewouldn’t be so nervous. or
Judi wouldn’t be so nervous if she didn’t drink so much coffee.
Incorrect: If you would go to bed earlier, you wouldn’t be so sleepy in the morning.
Correct : If you went to bed earlier, you wouldn’t be so
sleepy in the morning. or
You wouldn’t be so sleepy in the morning
if you went to bed earlier.
Incorrect: If she would eat fewer sweets, she would lose weight.
Correct : If she ate fewer sweets, she would lose weight. or
She would lose weight if she ate fewer sweets.

Examples

Incorrect: If we had the money, we would have bought a
new stereo system.
Correct : If we had had the money, we would have bought a
new stereo system. or
We would have bought a new stereo system if we had had the money.
Incorrect: If the neighbors hadn’t quieted down, I would have have to call the police.
Correct : If the neighbors hadn’t quieted down,
I would have had to call the police. or
I would have had to call the police if the neighbors hadn’t quieted down.
Incorrect: If her mother let her, Anne would have stayed longer.
Correct : If her mother had let her, Anne would have stayed longer. or
Anne would have stayed longer if her mother had let her.

Incorrect: If we would have known that she had planned to arrive today, we could have met her at the bus station.

Correct : If we had known that she had planned to arrive today, we could have met her at the bus station.
or
We had known her at the bus station if we
had known that she had planned to arrive today.

Incorrect: If I had more time, I would have checked my paper again.

Correct : If Ihad had more time, I would have checked my paper again.
or
I would have checked my paper again if I had had more time.

Examples
Incorrect: If Barbara was really my friend, she would call me once in a while.
Correct : If Barbara were really my friend, she would call me once in a while. (Barbara is not my friend) or She would call me once in a while if Barbara were really my friend. (Barbara is not my friend)
Incorrect: If Mr. Harris is single, I could introduce him to my sister.
Correct : If Mr. Harris were single, I could introduce him to my sister. (Mr. Harris is not single) or
I could introduce him to my sister if Mr. Harris were single. (Mr. Harris is not single)
Incorrect: If the meat was a little more done, this would be an excellent meal.
Correct : If the meat were a little more done, this would be an excellent meal. (The meat is not done) or
This would be an excellent meal if the meat were a little more done. (The meat is not done)

Incorrect: If my daughter is here, I would be very happy.
Correct : If my daughter were here, I would be very happy.
(My daughter is not here) or
I would be very happy if my daughter were here.
(My daughter is not here)
Incorrect: This apartment be perfect if it were a little larger.
Correct : This apartment be perfect if it were a little larger. (The apartment is not larger.) or
If it were a little larger, this apartment be perfec. (The apartment is not larger.)

Examples

Incorrect: The doctor suggested that she will not smoke.
Correct : The doctor suggested that she not smoke.

Incorrect: I propose that the vote is secret ballot.
Correct : I propose that the vote be secret ballot.

Incorrect: The foreign student advisor recommended that she studied more English before enrolling at the university.
Correct : The foreign student advisor recommended that she study more English before enrolling at the university.
Incorrect: The law requires that everyone has his car checked at least once a year.
Correct : The law requires that everyone have his car checked at least once a year.
Incorrect: She insisted that they would give her a receipt.
Correct : She insisted that they give her a receipt.

Examples

Incorrect: He complied with the requirement that all graduate students in education should write a thesis.
Correct : He complied with the requirement that all graduate students in education write a thesis.
Incorrect: The committee refused the request that the prerequisite shall be waived.
Correct : The committee refused the request that the
prerequisite be waived.
Incorrect: She ignored the suggestion that she gets more exercise.
Correct : She ignored the suggestion that she get more
exercise.
Incorrect: The terrorist’s demand that the airline provides a plane will not be met by deadline.
Correct : The terrorist’s demand that the airline provide a plane will not be met by deadline.
Incorrect: He regretted not having followed his advisor’s
recommendation that he dropping the class.
Correct : He regretted not having followed his advisor’s recommendation that he drop the class.

Examples
Incorrect: It is not necessary that you must take an
entrance examination to be admitted to an
American university.
Correct : It is not necessary to take an entrance
examination to be admitted to an American university. or
It is not necessary that you take an entrance
examination to be admitted to an American university.
Incorrect: It is imperative that you are on time.
Correct : It is imperative to be on time. or
It is imperative that you be on time.
Incorrect: It is important that I will speak with Mr. Williams
immediately.
Correct : It is important to speak with Mr. William immediately. or
It is important that I speak with Mr. Williams
immediately.

Incorrect: It is imperative that your signature appears on
your identification card.

Correct : It is imperative to sign your identification card.
or
It is imperative that your signature appear on
your identification card.

Incorrect: It is essential that all applications and
transcripts are filed no later than July 1.

Correct : It is essential to file all applications and
transcripts are filed no later than July 1.
or
It is essential that all applications and
transcripts be filed no later than July 1.

Pertemuan V

Examples
Incorrect: Wear several layers of clothing for keep warm.
Correct : Wear several layers of clothing to keep warm.

Incorrect: David has studied hard the succeed.
Correct : David has studied hard to succeed
Incorrect: Don’t move your feet when you swing for play golf well.
Correct : Don’t move your feet when you swing to play golf well.
Incorrect: Virginia always boils the water twice make tea.
Correct : Virginia always boils the water twice to make tea.
Incorrect: Wait until June plant those bulbs.
Correct : Wait until June to plant those bulbs.

Examples
Incorrect: My wedding ring made of yellow and white gold.
Correct : My wedding ring is made of yellow and white gold.
(It is the ring, not the person who made the ring, that is important.)

Incorrect: If your brother invited, he would come.
Correct : If your brother were invited, he would come.
(It is your brother, not the person who invited him, that is important.)
Incorrect: Mr. Wilson known as Willie to his friends.
Correct : Mr. Wilson known as Willie to his friends.
(It is Mr. Wilson, not his friends, that is important.)
Incorrect: References not used in the examination room.
Correct : References are not used in the examination room. (It is references, not the person using them, that are important.)
Incorrect: Laura born in Iowa.
Correct : Laura was born in Iowa.
(It is Laura, not her mother who bore her, that is important.)

Examples
Incorrect: The decisions on cases like this are made from Dean White.
Correct : The decisions on cases like this are made by Dean White.

Incorrect: Most of us are sponsored from our parents.
Correct : Most of us are sponsored by our parents.
Incorrect: The car was inspected for Customs.
Correct : The car was inspected by Customs.
Incorrect: The bill has already been paid Mr. Adams.
Correct : The bill has already been paid by Mr. Adams.
Incorrect: State University is governed from the Board of Regents.
Correct : State University is governed by the Board of Regents.

Examples
Incorrect: The play was to be cancel, but it was only postponed.
Correct : The play was to be canceled, but it was only postponed.

Incorrect: The finalists are to named at the next meeting.
Correct : The finalists are to be named at the next meeting.
Incorrect: The results of the exam are to announced tomorrow.
Correct : The results of the exam are to be announced tomorrow.

Incorrect: We were to be notify if there was a problem.
Correct : We were to be notified if there was a problem.
Incorrect: The game is to rescheduled.
Correct : The game is to be rescheduled.

Examples
Incorrect: His car needs to fix.
Correct : His car needs fixing. or His car needs to be fixed.

Incorrect: The rug needs cleaned before we move in.
Correct : The rug needs cleaning before we move in. or
The rug needs to be cleaned before we move in.
Incorrect: The house needs to paint, but we plan to wait until next summer to do it.
Correct : The house needs painting, but we plan to wait until next summer to do it. or
The house needs to be painted, but we plan to wait until next summer to do it.
Incorrect: Her watch needed repaired.
Correct : Her watch needed repairing. or
Her watch needed to be repaired.
Incorrect: The hem of this dress needs mended before I wear it again.
Correct : The hem of this dress needs mending before I wear it again. or
The hem of this dress needs to be mended before I wear it again.

Examples
Incorrect: It is hypothesized that the subjects in the control group not to score as well.
Correct : It is hypothesized that the subjects in the control group will not score as well.

Incorrect: It is generally known that she leaving at the end of the year.
Correct : It is generally known that she is leaving at the end of the year.
Incorrect: It is said that a buried treasure near here.
Correct : It is said that a buried treasure was hidden near here.
Incorrect: It is believed that a horseshoe bringing good luck.
Correct : It is believed that a horseshoe brings good luck.
Incorrect: It is thought that our ancestors building this city.
Correct : It is thought that our ancestors built this city.

Examples
Incorrect: We have live in Seattle for five years.
Correct : We have lived in Seattle for five years.

Incorrect: Have you wrote your mother a letter?
Correct : Have you written your mother a letter?
Incorrect: Ray given us a lot of help since we arrived.
Correct : Ray has given us a lot of help since we arrived.
Incorrect: I have took this medication since 1985.
Correct : I have taken this medication since 1985.
Incorrect: We been friends since we were children.
Correct : We have been friends since we were children.

Examples
Incorrect: The party has planned for two weeks.
Correct : The party has been planned for two weeks.
(It is the party, not the person who planned it, that is important.)

Incorrect: Your typewriter been fixed, and you can pick it up any time.
Correct : Your typewriter has been fixed, and you can pick it up any time. (It is your typewriter, not the person who fixed it, that is important.)
Incorrect: Wayne has elected to the student government.
Correct : Wayne has been elected to the student government.
(It is Wayne, not the people who elected him, who is important.)
Incorrect: We been taught how to cook.
Correct : We have been taught how to cook.
(It is we, not the people who taught us, who are important.)
Incorrect: The class been changed to room 10.
Correct : The class has been changed to room 10.
(It is the class, not the person who changed it, that is important.)

Incorrect: It is imperative that your signature appears on
your identification card.

Correct : It is imperative to sign your identification card.
or
It is imperative that your signature appear on
your identification card.

Incorrect: It is essential that all applications and
transcripts are filed no later than July 1.

Correct : It is essential to file all applications and
transcripts are filed no later than July 1.
or
It is essential that all applications and
transcripts be filed no later than July 1.

Examples
Incorrect: You will finished your homework by the time the movie starts.
Correct : You will have finished your homework by the time the movie starts.

Incorrect: Jan will left by five o’clock.
Correct : Jan will have left by five o’clock.

Incorrect : Before school is out, I have returned all of my
library books.
Correct : Before school is out, I will have returned all of my library books.

Incorrect: We have gotten an answer to our letter by the time we have to make a decision.
Correct : We will have gotten an answer to our letter by the
time we have to make a decision.

Incorrect: Before we can tell them about the discount, they will bought the tickets.

Correct : Before we can tell them about the discount, they will have bought the tickets.

Incorrect: Jan will left by five o’clock.
Correct : Jan will have left by five o’clock.

Incorrect : Before school is out, I have returned all of my
library books.
Correct : Before school is out, I will have returned all of my library books.

Incorrect: We have gotten an answer to our letter by the time we have to make a decision.
Correct : We will have gotten an answer to our letter by the
time we have to make a decision.

Incorrect: Before we can tell them about the discount, they will bought the tickets.

Correct : Before we can tell them about the discount, they will have bought the tickets.

Examples
Incorrect : He had hoped that he graduate this semester, but he couldn’t finish his thesis in time.
Correct : He had hoped that he would graduate this semester, but he couldn’t finish his thesis in time.

Incorrect: We had hoped him staying longer.
Correct : We had hoped that he would stay longer.
Incorrect: They had hoped that she not find out about it.
Correct : They had hoped that she would not find out about it.
Incorrect: I had hoped she coming to the party.
Correct : I had hoped that she would come to the party.
Incorrect: His father had hoped that he go into business with him.
Correct : His father had hoped that he would go into business with him.

Examples

Incorrect: The party is a surprise, but all of her friends coming.
Correct : The party is a surprise, but all of her friends are
coming.

Incorrect: She read it to you later tonight.
Correct : She will read it to you later tonight.
Incorrect: The sun was shining when we left this morning.
Correct : The sun was shining when we left this morning.
Incorrect: We gone there before.
Correct : We have gone there before.
Incorrect: I can’t talk with you right now because the doorbell ringing.
Correct : I can’t talk with you right now because the doorbell
is ringing.

Incorrect: It is imperative that your signature appears on
your identification card.

Correct : It is imperative to sign your identification card.
or
It is imperative that your signature appear on
your identification card.

Incorrect: It is essential that all applications and
transcripts are filed no later than July 1.

Correct : It is essential to file all applications and
transcripts are filed no later than July 1.
or
It is essential that all applications and
transcripts be filed no later than July 1.


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